Brain Injury Attorney: Understanding Traumatic Brain Injuries and Your Legal Rights
Traumatic brain injury is one of the most serious and life-altering consequences of a serious accident. A TBI occurs when an external force strikes or jolts the head with sufficient force to disrupt normal brain function — either causing the brain to shift within the skull, fracturing the skull itself, or producing bleeding around or within the brain tissue. The effects can range from temporary cognitive disruption to permanent disability, and the lifetime cost of care for a serious TBI is estimated at between $600,000 and $1.8 million. When that injury was caused by another party’s negligence, a Texas brain injury attorney can help you pursue the full compensation you and your family deserve.
Brain injuries caused by accidents are a leading cause of death and disability among children and young adults in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that falls account for 28 percent of all TBIs, motor vehicle accidents 20 percent, being struck by or against an object 19 percent, and assaults 11 percent. Approximately 1.4 million traumatic brain injuries occur each year in the United States. Of those, roughly 50,000 result in death, 235,000 require hospitalization, and more than 80,000 leave victims with lifelong disabilities. An estimated 5.3 million Americans — nearly 2 percent of the population — currently require long-term or permanent assistance with daily living activities because of a TBI. If you have been seriously injured in a brain injury accident, contact us today for a free, confidential consultation.
How Traumatic Brain Injuries Are Classified
Closed Head Injuries and Penetrating Head Injuries
TBIs are broadly categorized as either closed head injuries or penetrating head injuries. A closed head injury occurs when the head receives a significant blow or impact without the skull being broken — a common outcome in vehicle accidents when the head strikes the windshield, dashboard, or window. A penetrating head injury occurs when an object breaks through the skull, potentially driving bone fragments or foreign material into brain tissue. Firearms are the most common cause of penetrating brain trauma, and a firearm-caused brain injury is substantially more likely to be fatal than any other type of TBI.
Diffuse Injuries
Diffuse injuries affect multiple areas of the brain simultaneously. Diffuse Axonal Injury (DAI) is one of the most severe forms — it involves the tearing of nerve fibers and stretching of blood vessels across widespread brain regions, producing hemorrhaging and the accumulation of damaging substances in the days following the injury. The frontal and temporal lobes are particularly vulnerable. Patients with DAI may experience visual loss, weakness on one side of the body, disorientation, memory deficits, and difficulty concentrating. Hypoxic-Ischemic Injury (HII) causes brain inflammation that restricts blood flow, oxygen, and glucose, effectively starving brain cells of the nutrients they require to function. Diffuse injuries generally carry a worse prognosis than focal injuries and commonly result in lasting cognitive impairment.
Focal Injuries
Focal injuries are confined to a specific area of the brain and can often be identified through imaging studies such as CT scans and MRIs. Contusions — bruising of brain tissue — most commonly occur in the frontal and temporal lobes, which govern memory and behavior. Contusions cause swelling, hemorrhaging, and tissue damage that can produce unusual sensory experiences, behavioral changes, vision loss, coordination problems, and memory deficits. Even when contusions reduce in size as swelling resolves, residual scar tissue can leave lasting neurological impairment.
Intracranial hemorrhage — bleeding within the brain tissue — varies in severity based on the size and location of the bleed and can occur immediately after an injury or develop over hours or days. Subdural hematomas involve gradual bleeding outside the brain from damaged veins; if large enough, they compress brain tissue and require surgical drainage. Epidural hematomas involve arterial bleeding outside the brain and can cause pressure to build rapidly, requiring immediate surgical intervention to prevent death or permanent neurological damage. Infarctions — strokes caused when swelling from the injury compresses an artery and cuts off blood flow to a region of the brain — typically affect the occipital and temporal lobes and can cause vision loss or speech and language problems.
Recognizing the Symptoms of a Traumatic Brain Injury
TBI symptoms range from mild to severe and — critically — do not always present immediately after the injury. Symptoms may remain dormant for days or weeks before becoming apparent, which is why medical evaluation after any significant head impact is essential regardless of how a person feels in the immediate aftermath. Mild TBI symptoms include headache, dizziness, memory lapses, confusion, and brief loss of consciousness. More serious TBIs can produce persistent or worsening headaches, repeated vomiting, seizures, prolonged unconsciousness, slurred speech, profound confusion, and loss of coordination. Any neurological symptom following a head injury warrants immediate medical evaluation — early diagnosis and treatment significantly affect both medical outcomes and the strength of any subsequent legal claim.
Legal Claims for Traumatic Brain Injuries
Personal Injury Claims
When a TBI is caused by another party’s negligence — a distracted driver, a property owner’s failure to address a dangerous condition, a defective product, or an unsafe workplace — the injured person has the right to pursue a personal injury claim for full compensation. Damages available in a Texas TBI claim include all past and future medical expenses, lost wages, reduced earning capacity, the cost of long-term care and rehabilitation, physical pain and suffering, emotional distress, and the loss of enjoyment of life that results from permanent cognitive or physical impairment. Life care planning experts and economic analysts are frequently retained to establish the lifetime cost of care for serious TBIs and present those projections in a way that supports a comprehensive damages claim.
Workers’ Compensation for Workplace TBIs
A TBI sustained on the job may support a workers’ compensation claim that provides medical benefits and partial wage replacement without requiring proof of employer fault. However, workers’ compensation benefits are limited compared to what a civil negligence lawsuit can produce — particularly for serious injuries with significant long-term consequences. When a third party other than the direct employer contributed to the workplace injury, a separate personal injury claim may be available alongside the workers’ compensation claim, allowing recovery for the full range of damages that workers’ comp does not cover.
Wrongful Death Claims for Fatal TBIs
When a traumatic brain injury proves fatal, surviving family members can pursue a wrongful death claim against the responsible party. These claims allow recovery for the financial support the deceased would have provided, loss of companionship and parental guidance, medical expenses incurred before death, and funeral and burial costs. A survival action may also be brought on behalf of the estate for the conscious pain and suffering the deceased experienced between the injury and death.
If you or a family member has suffered a traumatic brain injury caused by another party’s negligence in Texas, contact our TBI attorneys today for a free, confidential consultation. We will evaluate every aspect of your claim and fight for the full compensation your injuries demand.
